Drzew przyszłości

Tak jak teraz cieszymy się drzewami, które zasadzono wiele pokoleń temu, tak i my możemy przekazać zielone dziedzictwo przyszłym pokoleniom. Aby to osiągnąć, trzeba myśleć o drzewach już we wczesnej fazie nowych projektów, traktując je nie jako wypełniacz, ale jako elementy definiujące przestrzeń zewnętrzną, i przewidując na nie należną ilość miejsca (na wzrost). Niestety nie stanowi to jeszcze gwarancji długiego życia. Plany zagospodarowania przestrzenni mogą się zmienić, zahamowując rozwój drzew, drzewa mogą paść ofiarą chorób albo w najgorszym razie zostać wycięte przed osiągnięciem dorosłości. I tym samym ponownie dochodzimy do aspektu zrównoważonego rozwoju zieleni. Bo chociaż stare drzewa to trwałe drzewa, to nie wszystkie drzewa mające potencjał, aby stać się trwałe, doczekają starości…

Which criteria must a future tree meet?

In order to make sure a tree endures, in the sense that subsequent generations are able to enjoy them, a number of conditions must be met.

To start with, select a good quality tree: a tree that has been regularly transplanted so it has been able to develop a healthy root system; a tree with a well-shaped crown that has been professionally pruned and trained.
Select a tree that has been sustainably bred; we are, after all, talking about a green legacy. Furthermore, sustainably bred trees are in a better position to withstand outside influences because they have built up a greater resistance to diseases and infestations.
Select a tree that is suited to the circumstances at the site, not only taking into consideration the soil type but also factors such as wind, frost, paving and moisture.
Choose a species that has the potential to grow old. In principle these are the somewhat slow growing trees which produce smaller cells that harden better, making the heartwood harder and more enduring.
Provide the tree with a site where there is enough space above and below ground. Bear in mind that a first magnitude tree needs around one m3 per year of growth.
Take care that the tree is planted by an expert. The site must be assessed beforehand and the soil improved if necessary. The trees must be suitably anchored.
During the first years, ensure there is proper support pruning to shape a nice, balanced crown. You can avoid the necessity of support pruning by planting a larger tree whose ultimate crown has been shaped at the nursery.

Diversity hugely important when planting trees

In addition there are of course a great many factors over which we have no control. Nobody knows exactly how and at what rate climate change will occur although we do have an idea of the effects and their influence on trees. We know that a number of species will be better equipped when the time comes, but there are still lots of uncertainties. For instance, we do not know which diseases or infestations we will have to deal with in the future or whether the trees that appear to be strong now will still be so in future. We can only respond to this lack of certainty at the moment through biodiverse planting. By planting a wide variety of species we will prevent deforestation through the loss of vast populations of trees and we reduce the threat of disease. If we bear the above conditions in mind we will create the right conditions for the development of trees for the future.

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